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Andrea Doria-class battleship
The ''Andrea Doria'' class (usually called ''Caio Duilio'' class in Italian sources) was a pair of dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Italian Navy (''Regia Marina'') during the early 1910s. The two ships—''Andrea Doria'' and ''Caio Duilio''—were completed during World War I. The class was an incremental improvement over the preceding . Like the earlier ships, ''Andrea Doria'' and ''Caio Duilio'' were armed with a main battery of thirteen guns.
The two ships spent World War I based in southern Italy to keep the Austro-Hungarian Navy bottled up in the Adriatic, but neither vessel saw any combat. After the war, they cruised the Mediterranean and were involved in several international incidents, including the Corfu Incident in 1923. Both ships were placed in reserve a decade later and began a lengthy reconstruction in 1937. The modifications included removing their center main battery turret and boring out the rest of the guns to , strengthening their armor protection, installing new boilers and steam turbines, and lengthening their hulls. The reconstruction work lasted until 1940, by which time Italy was already engaged in World War II.
The two ships were moored in Taranto on the night of 11/12 November 1940 when the British launched a carrier strike on the Italian fleet. In the resulting Battle of Taranto, ''Caio Duilio'' was hit by a torpedo and forced to beach to avoid sinking. ''Andrea Doria'' was undamaged in the raid; repairs for ''Caio Duilio'' lasted until May 1941. Both ships escorted convoys to North Africa in late 1941, including Operation M42, where ''Andrea Doria'' saw action at the inconclusive First Battle of Sirte on 17 December. Fuel shortages curtailed further activity in 1942 and 1943, and both ships were interned at Malta following Italy's surrender in September 1943. Italy was permitted to retain both battleships after the war, and they alternated as fleet flagship until the early 1950s, when they were removed from active service. Both ships were scrapped after 1956.
==Design and description==
The ''Andrea Doria''-class ships were designed by naval architect Vice Admiral (''Generale del Genio navale'') Giuseppe Valsecchi and were ordered in response to French plans to build the s. The design of the preceding s was generally satisfactory and was adopted with some minor changes. These mostly concerned the reduction of the superstructure by shortening the forecastle deck, the consequent lowering of the amidships gun turret and the upgrading of the secondary armament to sixteen guns in lieu of the eighteen guns of the older ships.〔Giorgerini, p. 278〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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